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 PCC - Plain Cement Concrete PCC is the concrete which is simply containing cement, sand, aggregates and water in suitable proportions. There are no reinforcement is provided in this type of concrete. It has much compressive strength than tensile strength. Practically, It has been observed that it is very weak in tension. Material used in PCC Cement - We can use any type of cement in PCC but Portland Pozzolona Cement is more common and suitable. Sand - It should be hard, durable, strong, clean and well - graded. Aggregates - They also should be hard, durable, strong and well graded. Fine aggregates act as fillers and coarse aggregates provide strength to the concrete. Water - It should be potable i.e. it should be clean and free from injurious amounts of acids, alkalis, salts etc. The hardening of concrete is taking place due to chemical reaction between cement and water. Properties of PCC  Uses of PCC  As a base for RCC foundation, ground floor and load bearing walls. As DPC at plinth

  PVC - Polyvinyl chloride It is a vinyl polymer which structure is very much similar to polythene. It is produced by the free radial polymerization of vinyl chloride. In the recent years, the use of polyvinyl chloride has been increase in construction work due to their excellent property. It is resistance to fire, water, flame, and corrosion. It has light weight and great insulating property. As a building material, PVC is cheap and easy to assemble. It has become an alternative of conventional building materials like wood, concrete or clay. Advantages of PVC - Being a resistance to water, it is used to make shower curtains, water pipes etc. Being a hard plastics, it is used in window profiles, pipe, plumbing etc. It is extensively used in sewer industries for pipelines of the water. It is flexible. After addition of plasticizers, we can use it as roofing membranes and in electric cable insulation.  Thank you. Gracious! My Quora space My YouTube channel

 There are mainly five types of load, which are considered while designing a steel structure. They are - Dead loads, live/imposed load, wind load, snow load and earthquake load. In this article, a brief introduction of different types of load is given. Dead load (DL) It is the self - weight of structure. It is calculated by volume of each section multiplied with unit weight. Complete details of dead loads is given in IS:875(part-I)-1987. Live/imposed load (LL or IL) It varies in magnitude and in positions. It is applied on the structure temporarily. It depends on the intended use of the building. Related to IS:875(part-II)-1987. Wind load (WL) It is the horizontal load caused by movement of air relative to the earth. Essential to consider when the height of building exceeds two times the dimensions transverse to exposal wind surface. Depends upon velocity of wind and size of building. Related to IS:875(part-III)-1987. Snow load (SL) Vertical loads in the building. Considered only in th

 Environmental engineering is application of science and engineering principles to make a healthy environment, to provide potable water, clean air and land to accommodate all creatures. It is the study of land, air, water, life and complex interactions between all. ENVIRONMENT     An environment is everything that is around us which includes both living and non-living things and their surroundings. It helps in feeding life on the earth. It involves land, air, water and life. Lithosphere   It indicates the soul body, it means earth. It is the hard & rigid outer layer of earth. It includes crust, core and mantle. Atmosphere   It is the layer of gases surrounding the earth. Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon and Carbon-dioxide are major gases. Rest of gases are called trace gases. Hydrosphere It represents the water body present in our environment. All liquids & frozen surface water, ground water held in soil & rock, atmospheric water vapour. Biosphere   The place on the earth where life

 There are six types of beam. They are  Cantilever beam Simply supported beam Overhanging beam Fixed beam Continuous beam Cantilever, simply supported beam Cantilever Beam -   A beam which is fixed at one end and free at other end, is known as cantilever beam. Simply supported beam -   A beam supported or resting on the supports at its end, is called simply supported beam. Overhanging beam -   The beam, in which the end portion is extended beyond the support, is called overhanging beam. Fixed beam -  A beam whose both ends are fixed or built in walls, is called fixed beam. Continuous beam - A beam which is provided more than two supports, is called beam. Cantilever, simply supported -   The beam which is fixed at one end or built in walls and simply resting at the other end, is called cantilever simply supported beam.   Thank you. My you tube channel My Quora space

 We all know that all substances expands with increase in temperature and shrinks with decrease in temperature. RCC means Reinforced Cement Concrete. It is the combination of steel bars and concrete. When we design RCC, a strong joint takes place between concrete and steel bars which acts as one body. Now, when the temperature of atmosphere increases, both steel bar and concrete will try to expand. Similarly, when temperature falls, they will try to shrink. We use steel bar with concrete in RCC, because their coefficient of thermal expansion is approximately equal. Due to this reason, they expand or shrink at the same rate. Therefore, the joint between the steel bar and concrete remain stable. In the case of Al bar or Cu bar or bar of some other materials, difference between their coefficient of thermal expansion will be more. Hence, they will expand or shrink at different rate which will make the joint (between concrete and bar) unstable. Thank you. My youTube channel My quora space

 The fluid may be classified into following five types :- Ideal fluid - A fluid, which is incompressible and is having no viscosity, is known as an ideal fluid. Ideal fluid is only an imaginary fluid as all the fluids, which exists, have some viscosity. Real fluid - A fluid, which passes viscosity, is known as real food. All the fluids, in actual practice, are real fluids. Newtonian fluid - A real fluid, in which the shear stress is proportional to the rate of shear strain or velocity gradient, is known as Newtonian fluid. Simply, we can say that the fluid which follows Newton's law of viscosity is called Newtonian fluid. Non-Newtonian fluid - A real fluid, in which shear stress is not proportional to the rate of shear strain or velocity gradient, is called Non-Newtonian fluid. They do not follow Newton's law of viscosity. Ideal plastic fluid - A fluid, in which shear stress is more than the yield value and shear stress is proportional to the rate of shear strain, is known as i