Types of load in steel structure

 There are mainly five types of load, which are considered while designing a steel structure. They are - Dead loads, live/imposed load, wind load, snow load and earthquake load. In this article, a brief introduction of different types of load is given.



Dead load (DL)

  • It is the self - weight of structure.
  • It is calculated by volume of each section multiplied with unit weight.
  • Complete details of dead loads is given in IS:875(part-I)-1987.
Live/imposed load (LL or IL)
  • It varies in magnitude and in positions.
  • It is applied on the structure temporarily.
  • It depends on the intended use of the building.
  • Related to IS:875(part-II)-1987.
Wind load (WL)
  • It is the horizontal load caused by movement of air relative to the earth.
  • Essential to consider when the height of building exceeds two times the dimensions transverse to exposal wind surface.
  • Depends upon velocity of wind and size of building.
  • Related to IS:875(part-III)-1987.
Snow load (SL)
  • Vertical loads in the building.
  • Considered only in the snow fall places.
  • Related to IS:875(part-IV)-1987.
Earthquake load (EL)
  • Constitutes to both horizontal and vertical forces.
  • Total vibration in resolved into three mutually perpendicular directions.
  • Related to IS:1893-1962.
Other loads which are also applied on the structure but impart less effect which can be neglected.
  • Hydrostatics load i.e. soil, fluid pressure etc. {IS:875(part-V)-1987}
  • Impact, colloision, expansion force {IS:875(part-V)-1987}
  • Foundation movement (IS 1904)
  • Erection loads (IS 875, part II)
  • Vibration, Fatigue etc.
Thank you.
Gracious!





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