Introduction of Environmental engineering.

 Environmental engineering is application of science and engineering principles to make a healthy environment, to provide potable water, clean air and land to accommodate all creatures. It is the study of land, air, water, life and complex interactions between all.

ENVIRONMENT 

  An environment is everything that is around us which includes both living and non-living things and their surroundings. It helps in feeding life on the earth. It involves land, air, water and life.



Lithosphere 

  • It indicates the soul body, it means earth.
  • It is the hard & rigid outer layer of earth.
  • It includes crust, core and mantle.
Atmosphere 
  • It is the layer of gases surrounding the earth.
  • Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon and Carbon-dioxide are major gases.
  • Rest of gases are called trace gases.
Hydrosphere
  • It represents the water body present in our environment.
  • All liquids & frozen surface water, ground water held in soil & rock, atmospheric water vapour.
Biosphere 
  • The place on the earth where life exists.
  • It is the combination of land, water and air.
ECO - SYSTEM
  An ecosystem is a geographic area where all organisms (plants, animals etc.) work together and forms a bubble of life. Ecosystem contains biotic (living parts) and abiotic (non-living parts). All creatures have their own ecosystem. It varies in sizes and with time and place. It is classified in two parts - terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem.




Terrestrial ecosystem 
  • It is the community of organisms that reside on land.
  • Every element on land has its own cycle that maintains its balance.
  • Examples - grasslands, deserts, mountains, agricultural land etc.
Aquatic system 
  • It is the ecosystem in the water body such as rivers, oceans, lakes, ponds etc. It is further classified in two categories - Marine ecosystem and fresh water ecosystem.
  • Marine ecosystem contains saline water and occupies almost 97% of water body. Ex- sea.
  • Fresh water ecosystem refers to the water body having fresh water. Ex - rivers, ponds and well etc.
     Fresh water ecosystem is also classified in three categories - lentic, lotic and wet lands.


Mechanism of energy flow in an ecosystem - 




Thank you. 



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