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 Environmental engineering is application of science and engineering principles to make a healthy environment, to provide potable water, clean air and land to accommodate all creatures. It is the study of land, air, water, life and complex interactions between all. ENVIRONMENT     An environment is everything that is around us which includes both living and non-living things and their surroundings. It helps in feeding life on the earth. It involves land, air, water and life. Lithosphere   It indicates the soul body, it means earth. It is the hard & rigid outer layer of earth. It includes crust, core and mantle. Atmosphere   It is the layer of gases surrounding the earth. Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon and Carbon-dioxide are major gases. Rest of gases are called trace gases. Hydrosphere It represents the water body present in our environment. All liquids & frozen surface water, ground water held in soil & rock, atmospheric water vapour. Biosphere   The ...

 There are six types of beam. They are  Cantilever beam Simply supported beam Overhanging beam Fixed beam Continuous beam Cantilever, simply supported beam Cantilever Beam -   A beam which is fixed at one end and free at other end, is known as cantilever beam. Simply supported beam -   A beam supported or resting on the supports at its end, is called simply supported beam. Overhanging beam -   The beam, in which the end portion is extended beyond the support, is called overhanging beam. Fixed beam -  A beam whose both ends are fixed or built in walls, is called fixed beam. Continuous beam - A beam which is provided more than two supports, is called beam. Cantilever, simply supported -   The beam which is fixed at one end or built in walls and simply resting at the other end, is called cantilever simply supported beam.   Thank you. My you tube channel My Quora space

 We all know that all substances expands with increase in temperature and shrinks with decrease in temperature. RCC means Reinforced Cement Concrete. It is the combination of steel bars and concrete. When we design RCC, a strong joint takes place between concrete and steel bars which acts as one body. Now, when the temperature of atmosphere increases, both steel bar and concrete will try to expand. Similarly, when temperature falls, they will try to shrink. We use steel bar with concrete in RCC, because their coefficient of thermal expansion is approximately equal. Due to this reason, they expand or shrink at the same rate. Therefore, the joint between the steel bar and concrete remain stable. In the case of Al bar or Cu bar or bar of some other materials, difference between their coefficient of thermal expansion will be more. Hence, they will expand or shrink at different rate which will make the joint (between concrete and bar) unstable. Thank you. My youTube channel My quora spa...

 The fluid may be classified into following five types :- Ideal fluid - A fluid, which is incompressible and is having no viscosity, is known as an ideal fluid. Ideal fluid is only an imaginary fluid as all the fluids, which exists, have some viscosity. Real fluid - A fluid, which passes viscosity, is known as real food. All the fluids, in actual practice, are real fluids. Newtonian fluid - A real fluid, in which the shear stress is proportional to the rate of shear strain or velocity gradient, is known as Newtonian fluid. Simply, we can say that the fluid which follows Newton's law of viscosity is called Newtonian fluid. Non-Newtonian fluid - A real fluid, in which shear stress is not proportional to the rate of shear strain or velocity gradient, is called Non-Newtonian fluid. They do not follow Newton's law of viscosity. Ideal plastic fluid - A fluid, in which shear stress is more than the yield value and shear stress is proportional to the rate of shear strain, is known as i...

 CBR - California Bearing Ratio The CBR test is conducted to get CBR value for soil on which road have to be constructed. CBR value is a measure of resistance of any material to penetration of standard plunger under contro0lle density and moisture content. The CBR test gives CBR value for a given soil sample that tells about its resistance against penetration. After getting CBR value, we determine thickness of pavement and its constituent layers as per IS specifications. In simple word, it gives bearing capacity of soil to resist vehicle loads and according to this value we calculate thickness of pavement for safe driving. If CBR test doesn't conduct and sufficient thickness is not provided then defects like waves, corrugation, rutting in black top pavement and cracking in cement concrete pavement may takes place.

 An emulsion is a mixture of heated bitumen and water which are unmixable in general. The mixing is done in the presence of an emulsifying agent like soap or resin. The emulsifying agent helps in mixing the two liquids. Depending upon the stability of the protective coating of emulsifying agent, the emulsion is classified in three category - Rapid setting - used for surface dressing Medium setting - suitable with coarse aggregate Slow setting - suitable with fine aggregate A bituminous emulsion contains 30% to 60%, by weight, of bitumen, 0.5 to 1% of emulsifying agent and the rest is water. Emulsion is commonly manufactured by Colloid mill method. Advantages of emulsion - It can be used when the aggregates are wet. Heating of aggregates and binder is not required and thus conserve energy. It can be used in cold weather. Emulsion is most ideal for patching and repair work. Due to low viscosity it can penetrate into fine cracks and hence useful for sealing cracks. Uses - Emulsion...

 At first, we need to understand the general chemical composition of a brick. A brick contains many chemical elements like silica, alumina, lime etc. When we burns the brick, the iron content present in the soil gets converted into iron oxide which imparts in the red colour of a brick. 7% of iron oxide is sufficient to make the brick red. If we burns the brick on low temperature, the iron content won't get converted into iron oxide completely. In this case, the bricks look pink in colour. Similarly, if the lime content increases, the brick will appear white. Thus, the colour of  bricks depends on the chemical composition of the soil from which they are made. Thank you. civil engineering civil boost