Difference between short, intermediate and long column


 We can visualize the all three columns on three basis -

  1. Their length
  2. Slenderness ratio
  3. Mode of failure.

Short column :-

  • Length ≤ 8 times of its least lateral dimension.
  • Slenderness ratio = 0 - 32
  • Failed due to crushing.

Intermediate column :-

  • Length = 8 - 30 times of its least lateral dimension.
  • Slenderness ratio = 32–120.
  • Failed due to crushing and buckling combinedly.

Long column :-

  • Length > 30 times of its least lateral dimension.
  • Slenderness ratio > 120
  • Failed due to buckling.


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