Civil boost

   Now a days, the use of  Ready Mix Concrete (RMC) in large construction work has been continuously increasing. RMC is a concrete that is scientifically manufactured in batching plant and transported to the site by transit mixer without affecting its fresh properties.   The transit mixer is of two types - In one type, dry concrete is made at the batching plant, loaded into agitator truck mixer and water is added during transportation. Thus wet concrete is formed. In the other type, mixed wet concrete is made at the batching plant discharged into the agitator truck mixers and transported to the site. The drum in concrete is made to rotate till the concrete is placed to keep the concrete in plastic state. Procedure  The raw materials are tested in the plant before its use to ensure compliance with relevant standards. This eliminates the possibility of quality problems in the end product. The aggregates of different sizes are stored in separate bins and mixed in d...

    In the case of basements, sewerage and marine works, concrete needs to be placed under water. In this situation, a special type of concreting method is used which is called Tremie method. What is tremie?   A tremie is a water - tight pipe having diameter of 200 - 250 mm. It has a funnel - shaped hopper at its upper end and a loose plug at the bottom for discharge end. Tremie pipe is supported by a crane above the water level which is also used to lift up the pipe. It is easy to adjust the length of tremie pipe. What are the procedure of tremie method? Tremie method includes following procedure - At first, the tremie pipe is taken below the water, closing the bottom end with plug, by crane. Then it is made to rest at the point where the concrete has to be placed. After that, concrete having slump about 15 to 20 cm is poured into the funnel. When whole length of pipe is lifted up using power hoist. It is lifted up such that the bottom end of pipe lies inside the concret...

 The purification of water means making the unhealthy water potable. The purification of water involves following steps - Screening - The first step of purification of water is screening. In this step, the floating matter of large size present in the water is removed. Screening prevents the pumps and other equipments from the possible damage due to floating matter of sewage. Aeration - The process of exposing large surface of water to the atmospheric air is called aeration. After screening, water is collected in a large aeration tank and aerated by compressed air. This process removes volatile substances and gases like Hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide causing bad taste and odor. It increases the oxygen level in water. Due to aeration, precipitate of iron and magnese is formed which are separated from water. Sedimentation - The process by which suspended particles settle down under the action of gravity is known as sedimentation. Now, aerated water is placed in the sedimentati...

    A canal is an artificial channel constructed to carry water from a river, water tank or reservoir for different purposes like hydropower generation, irrigation, navigation etc.   An irrigation canal is the one which carries water from the source to the agricultural fields for the purpose of irrigation. Classification of irrigation canal based on discharge  Main canal - It is the leading canal of a network of irrigation channels. Its discharge capacity is very high. It is used to supply water to branch canals and major distributaries. It is mostly not used for direct irrigation.  Branch canal - It takes off from the main canal to either side. It carries a discharge of about 5 cumecs. Its main function is to supply water to major and minor distributaries. Major distributaries - They take off from the branch canals and sometimes from the main canal. They carry a discharge varying from 0.25 to 5 cumecs. They are mostly used for direct irrigation and supply water...